Forests Out of Balance

For more information about the effects of overabundant hay-scented fern:
https://northernwoodlands.org/articles/article/hay-scented_fern

Distribution and Dynamics of the Invasive Native Hay-Scented Fern (PDF)

 

For information on controlling hayscented fern:

What ecological effect does hay-scented fern have on the forest? Are there any non-chemical strategies that will control the fern? (PDF)

https://northernwoodlands.org/articles/article/got-fern-controlling-native-invasive-plants

To search publically available scientific articles:
https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/

MEF Trail Deer fence

Fern within the deer fence. Even when protected from deer, seedlings have a hard time growing up through the dense shade created by hay-scented fern.

MEF Trail Deer fence